Os pronomes pessoais em inglês (personal pronouns) são usados para indicar pessoas, lugares e objetos nas frases.
Além dessa classificação, os pronomes em inglês também podem ser:
- possessivos (possessive pronouns)
- demonstrativos (demonstrative pronouns)
- reflexivos (reflexive pronouns)
- indefinidos (indefinite pronouns)
- relativos (relative pronouns)
- interrogativos (interrogative pronouns)
Classificação dos personal pronouns
Os pronomes pessoais em inglês são classificados em:
Subject Pronouns: equivalentes aos pronomes pessoais do caso reto em português, eles funcionam como sujeitos que praticam a ação verbal.
Normalmente, surgem no início da frase antes de verbos ou preposições. Em relação ao grau, eles são utilizados no singular (I, you, he she, it) e no plural (we, you, they).
Possuem três gêneros: masculino, feminino e neutro. O gênero neutro refere-se a lugares, animais, objetos, sentimentos, ideias, etc.
Observe abaixo a tabela de pronomes que funcionam como sujeitos.
| Subject Pronoun | Tradução |
|---|---|
| I | eu |
| You | você, tu |
| He | ele |
| She | ela |
| It (neutro) | ele, ela |
| We | nós |
| You | vocês, vós |
| They | eles, elas |
Object Pronouns: equivalentes aos pronomes pessoais do caso oblíquo em português, eles funcionam como objetos da frase, ou seja, quem ou o que recebe a ação.
São empregados após verbos e preposições e fazem parte do predicado da frase. Eles são utilizados no singular (me, you, him, her, it) e no plural (us, you, them).
A forma neutra “it” faz referência a animais, objetos, lugares, ideias e sentimentos.
Observe abaixo a tabela de pronomes que funcionam como objetos.
| Object Pronoun | Tradução |
|---|---|
| Me | me, mim, comigo |
| You | te, ti, lhe, você, contigo |
| Him | ele, lhe, o, lo, no |
| Her | ela, lhe, a, la, na |
| It | ele, ela, o, a, lhe, lo, la, no, na |
| Us | nós, nos, conosco |
| You | vocês, convosco, lhes, los, nos, os, as |
| Them | eles, elas, os, as, los, las, nos, nas, lhes |
Obs: note que os pronomes "you" e "it" podem desempenhar o papel de sujeito ou de objeto. A escrita é igual, portanto, o que muda é a posição e a função deles na frase.
VEJA TAMBÉM: Possessive PronounsExamples (Exemplos)
Confira abaixo algumas frases com pronomes pessoais em inglês:
Subject Pronouns
- I prefer vegetables to meat. (Eu prefiro legumes do que carne.)
- You are doing really well at your job. (Você está indo muito bem em seu trabalho.)
- He lives in Chicago since 2013. (Ele mora em Chicago desde 2013.)
- She comes now. (Ela vem agora.)
- It is the best city of the world. (É a melhor cidade do mundo.)
- We studied in England last summer. (Nós estudamos na Inglaterra no verão passado.)
- You are my best friends. (Vocês são meus melhores amigos.)
- They don’t speak Portuguese. (Eles não falam português.)
Object Pronouns
- Leave me alone, I need to think about this. (Me deixe em paz/sozinho, eu preciso pensar sobre isso.)
- I gave you a new car. (Eu lhe dei um novo carro.)
- I told him about my husband. (Eu falei para ele sobre meu marido/Contei-lhe sobre meu marido.)
- We love her (Nós amamos ela/Nós a amamos.)
- This is our house and we built it in 2003. (Essa é a nossa casa e nós a construímos em 2003.)
- She works with us. (Ela trabalha com a gente/Ela trabalha conosco.)
- They bought you a lot of gifts. (Eles compraram muitos presentes para vocês/Compraram-lhes um monte de presentes.)
- He saw them at school. (Ele os viu na escola.)
Veja também:
- Pronomes em Inglês
- Who e whom
- Which e what
Dica de Vídeo
Assista o vídeo abaixo e aprenda a identificar como usar os pronomes pessoais em inglês corretamente.
Subject Pronouns e Object Pronouns | Diferenças e UsosExercises (Exercícios)
1. (Unesp) Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:
Analyze an advertisement
Peter Sells Sierra Gonzales
Not all advertisements make perfect sense. Not all of them promote or imply acceptance of social values that everyone would agree are what we should hope for, in an enlightened and civilized society. Some advertisements appear to degrade our images of ourselves, our language, and appear to move the emphasis of interaction in our society to (even more) consumerism. There may even be a dark, seamy, or seedy side to advertising. This is hardly surprising, as our society is indeed a consumer society, and it is highly capitalistic in the simplest sense. There is no doubt that advertising promotes a consumer culture, and helps create and perpetuate the ideology that creates the apparent need for the products it markets.
For our purposes here, none of this matters. Our task is to analyze advertisements, and to see if we can understand how they do what they do. We will leave the task of how we interpret our findings in the larger social, moral and cultural contexts for another occasion.
It is often said that advertising is irrational, and, again, that may well be true. But this is where the crossover between information and persuasion becomes important; an advertisement does not have to be factually informative (but it cannot be factually misleading).
In a discussion of what kind of benefit an advertisement might offer to a consumer, Jim Aitchison (1999) provides the following quote from Gary Goldsmith of Lowe & Partners, New York. It sums up perfectly what it is that one should look for in an advertisement. The question posed is “Is advertising more powerful if it offers a rational benefit?” Here is Goldsmith’s answer: “I don't think you need to offer a rational benefit. I think you need to offer a benefit that a rational person can understand.”
(www.standford.edu. Adaptado)
O pronome it, utilizado na última linha do primeiro parágrafo, na frase for the products it markets, refere-se
a) à necessidade da propaganda. b) à área de publicidade. c) à ideologia da propaganda. d) aos mercados consumidores. e) à cultura do consumismo
Alternativa b: à área de publicidade.
Ver Resposta2. (Fatec) Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:
Fight the Violence! Oct 14, 2011 6:53 PM EDT
What if gang violence in America could be reduced just by talking? Professor and activist David Kennedy talks with Ben Crair about his new book, Don’t Shoot, criticism of his plan, and the economics of gangs.
In 1995, David M. Kennedy went to Boston on behalf of1 Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government to study violent crime. Like many American cities at that time, Boston was suffering a wave of homicides. After linking up with a special Boston Police Department task force, Kennedy and his team recognized that most of the killing was the work of a small handful of identifiable gang members. Rather than locking them all up, they tried something new: They met with the gang members and community leaders, offered them assistance in getting off the streets, and warned them that, if any single gang member committed another murder2, they would crack down3 on the entire group. Crime dropped almost overnight, and Kermedy’s “Operation Ceasefire,” as it has come to be known, has been implemented in more than 70 cities, addressing issues from gun violence to drug markets to juvenile robberies. Now, Kennedy recounts his experiences in a new book, Don‘t Shoot: One Man, a Street Fellowship, and the End of Violence in Inner-City America.
(Newsweek. 14.10.2011. Adaptado)
(1) on behalf of: em nome de (2) murder: assassinato (3) crack down: usar de repressão com punição severa
O pronome objeto them empregado em – offered them assistance in getting off the streets – refere-se a
a) the streets. b) American cities. c) Kennedy and his team. d) Boston Police Department. e) gang members and community leaders.
Alternativa e: gang members and community leaders.
Ver Resposta3. (PUC-RS) - "Did _________ belong to ________?" "Yes, ______ were _________". a) it - him - it - his b) they - him - they - him c) it - her - it - hers d) they - you - they - mine e) it - you - it - your.
Alternativa correta: d) they - you - they – mine
Ver Resposta4. (UNIOESTE PR/2015)
Seven portions of fruit and vegetables are better for you
For many years, the nutrition message has been “five a day” – the recommendation that five portions of fruit and vegetables are enough to keep disease at bay and help us to live longer. That advice has been revised upwards. A new study suggests that people who get seven or more portions a day are healthier. Researchers from University College London studied the dietary habits of 65,000 adults over a seven-year period. They concluded that: “A robust inverse association exists between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality, with benefits seen in up to 7-plus portions daily.” In other words, if you eat more fruit and vegetables, chances are you live longer.
The researchers put people into five different groups, depending on how much fruit and veg they ate. They found that those who ate seven or more portions a day had a 42 percent lower risk of death than those who ate just one portion. They recommended that schools serve healthier meals and that supermarkets put more emphasis on prominently displaying cheaper produce. They warned that frozen and canned fruit was linked to higher mortality rates. Some experts say the findings of the study should be taken with a pinch of salt. One dietician said the findings ignored the fact that people who eat more fruit and veg are generally wealthier and thus lead lifestyles that will help them live longer anyway.
Adapted from: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1404/140403-fruit-and-vegetables.html
Na frase “They found that those who ate seven or more portions a day…”, o pronome “they” refere-se a:
a) frutas. b) vegetais. c) pessoas. d) diferentes grupos. e) pesquisadores.
Alternativa correta: e) pesquisadores.
Ver RespostaLeia mais sobre alguns temas de inglês:
- Verbo to be
- Demonstrative pronouns
- Relative pronouns
- Reflexive pronouns
- Indefinite pronouns
- Regra do Plural dos Substantivos - Plural of Nouns
- This, that, these e those