O verbo to be é um dos verbos mais utilizados da língua inglesa e pode ser traduzido como ser ou estar.
Não existe uma regra para saber quando ele significa ser e quando significa estar. É preciso compreender o significado da mensagem expressa como um todo, para então entender o sentido do verbo na frase.
O verbo to be é classificado como verbo irregular, uma vez que não segue as regras de formação do passado simples e do particípio passado.
Ele pode ser usado como verbo principal e como verbo auxiliar de alguns tempos verbais.
Confira as informações abaixo sobre o uso do verbo to be como verbo principal.
No Simple Present (presente simples), as flexões do verbo to be são am, is e are.
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
I am | I'm | I am not | - | Am I...? |
You are | You're | You are not | You aren't | Are you...? |
He is | He's | He is not | He isn't | Is he...? |
She is | She's | She is not | She isn't | Is she...? |
It is | It's | It is not | It isn't | Is it...? |
We are | We're | We are not | We aren't | Are we...? |
You are | You're | You are not | You aren't | Are you...? |
They are | They're | They are not | They aren't | Are they...? |
Exemplos:
Vale lembrar que no inglês, os pronomes pessoais (personal pronouns) no singular são: I, you, he, she, it. Já no plural temos: we, you e they.
No Simple Past (passado simples), as flexões do verbo to be são was e were.
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
I was | - | I was not | I wasn't | Was I...? |
You were | You're | You were not | You weren't | Were you...? |
He was | He's | He was not | He wasn't | Was he...? |
She was | She's | She was not | She wasn't | Was she...? |
It was | It's | It was not | It wasn't | Was it...? |
We were | We're | We were not | We weren't | Were we...? |
You were | You're | You were not | You weren't | Were you...? |
They were | They're | They were not | They weren't | Were they...? |
Exemplos:
No Simple Future (futuro simples), as flexões do verbo to be são sempre will be.
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
I will be | I'll be | I will not be | I won't be | Will I be...? |
You will be | You'll be | You will not be | You won't be | Will you be...? |
He will be | He'll be | He will not be | He won't be | Will he be...? |
She will be | She'll be | She will not be | She won't be | Will she be...? |
It will be | It'll be | It will not be | It won't be | Will it be...? |
We will be | We'll be | We will not be | We won't be | Will we be...? |
You will be | You'll be | You will not be | You won't be | Will you be...? |
They will be | They'll be | They will not be | They won't be | Will they be...? |
Exemplos:
Agora que você já viu as tabelas com as conjugações, observe as explicações abaixo com um resumo de como formar frases nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa, incluindo a forma contraída.
Em frases afirmativas, o verbo deve ser posicionado depois do sujeito:
No exemplo acima, he (ele) é o sujeito e is (é), was (era) e will be (será) são flexões do verbo to be na segunda pessoa do singular.
Para expressar negação em uma frase, deve-se usar not (não) após o verbo to be:
No exemplo acima, not (não) está posicionado após is (é), was (era) e will be (será), que são flexões do verbo to be na segunda pessoa do singular.
Para fazer perguntas, o verbo deve ser posicionado antes do sujeito:
No exemplo acima, he (ele) é o sujeito e is (é), was (era) e will be (será) são flexões do verbo to be na segunda pessoa do singular.
Em inglês, quando em uma mesma palavra juntamos um pronome + um verbo, ou um verbo + not, temos uma forma contraída, a contracted form.
Geralmente, as formas contraídas são usadas em frases afirmativas e negativas. No entanto, também podem ser utilizadas em frases interrogativas quando a intenção da pergunta é de confirmar algo.
AfirmativaConfira abaixo como fazer frases com o verbo to be na forma afirmativa contraída:
Simple Present (Presente simples) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | am = 'm | is = 's | are = 're |
Exemplos | I am at home > I’m at home. (Eu estou em casa.) | He is a good dancer. > He’s a good dancer. (Ele é um bom dançarino.) | They are tired> They’re tired. (Eles estão cansados.) |
Simple Past (Passado simples) | ||
---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | was ='s | were = 're |
Exemplos | He was a good dancer. > He’s a good dancer. (Ele era um bom dançarino.) | They were tired. > They’re tired. (Eles estavam cansados.) |
OBS.: não existe forma contraída para a afirmativa na primeira pessoa do singular do Simple Past. Por isso, a única forma possível é I was.
Simple Future (Futuro simples) | |
---|---|
Formas contraídas | will be = 'll be |
Exemplos | He will be a good dancer. > He’ll be a good dancer. (Ele será um bom dançarino.) They will be tired. > They’ll be tired. (Eles estarão cansados.) |
Simple Present (Presente simples) | ||
---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | is not = isn't | are not = aren't |
Exemplos | He is not a good dancer. > He isn't a good dancer. (Ele não é um bom dançarino.) | They are not tired > They aren't tired. (Eles estão com sede.) |
OBS.: apesar da existência de ain’t como forma contraída de am + not ela é considerada errada por muitos gramáticos e, por esse motivo, o seu uso não é recomendado. Essa forma é muito popular em músicas da atualidade.
Simple Past (Passado simples) | ||
---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | was not = wasn't | were not = weren't |
Exemplos | He was not a good dancer. > He wasn't a good dancer. (Ele não era um bom dançarino.) | They were not thirsty. > They weren't thirsty. (Eles não estavam com sede.) |
Simple Future (Futuro simples) | |
---|---|
Formas contraídas | will not be = won't be |
Exemplos | He will not be a good dancer. > He won't be a good dancer. (Ele não será um bom dançarino.) They will not be tired > They won't be tired. (Eles não estarão cansados.) |
Simple Present (Presente simples) | ||
---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | is not = isn't | are not = aren't |
Exemplos | Isn’t he a good dancer? (Ele não é um bom dançarino?) | Aren’t they tired? (Eles não estão cansados?) |
OBS.: não se esqueça que, apesar da existência de ain’t como forma contraída de am + not, ela é considerada errada por muitos gramáticos e, por esse motivo, o uso não é recomendado.
Simple Past (Passado simples) | ||
---|---|---|
Formas contraídas | was not = wasn't | were not = weren't |
Exemplos | Wasn't he a good dancer. (Ele não era um bom dançarino.) | Weren't they tired? (Eles não estavam cansados?) |
Simple Future (Futuro simples) | |
---|---|
Formas contraídas | will not be = won't be |
Exemplos | Won't he be a good dancer? (Ele não será um bom dançarino?) Won't they be tired? (Eles não estarão cansados?) |
O verbo to be também pode ser usado como verbo auxiliar. Isso acontece quando ele tem a função de ajudar outro verbo, o verbo principal.
Como verbo auxiliar, o verbo to be não muda o significado do verbo principal e, por isso, não tem tradução.
Veja quais são os principais usos:
A voz passiva é utilizada para relatar o que aconteceu com o objeto da ação.
A formação da voz passiva segue a seguinte estrutura:
to be + past participle do verbo principal
Exemplos:
My birthday cake was made by my mother. (Meu bolo de aniversário foi feito pela minha mãe.)
was = verbo to be in Simple Pastmade = verbo to make no Past Participle
The toys were broken by the kids. (Os brinquedos foram quebrados pelas crianças.)
were = verbo to be in Simple Past (passado simples)broken = verbo to break no Past Participle (particípio passado)
The play is directed by my brother. (A peça é dirigida pelo meu irmão.)
is = verbo to be in Simple Present (presente simples)directed = verbo to direct no Past Participle (particípio passado)
VEJA TAMBÉM: Passive VoiceUma locução verbal é formada quando dois ou mais verbos têm valor de um.
Exemplos:
He is studying Italian. (Ele está estudando italiano.)
is = verbo to be in Simple Present (presente simples) studying = verbo to study no Gerund (gerúndio)
They were working at that company. (Eles estavam trabalhando naquela empresa.)
is = verbo to be in Simple Past (passado simples) working = verbo to work no Gerund (gerúndio)
Em ambos os exemplos, os dois verbos (to be + gerúndio) passam a ter valor de Present Continuous (presente contínuo
Verbos auxiliares inglês
1. (UNIFOR/CE)
Coughing Kitties
Maryann Mott
Feline asthma [TO BE] a new disease. It was first described in scientific literature more than 90 years ago, says veterinarian Philip Padrid of the Family Pet Animal Hospital in Chicago.
Nicki Reed, a veterinarian at the University of Edinburgh’s Hospital for Small Animals, says that when a coughing cat is brought to the clinic, she must first establish if [ARTICLE] cause is [ARTICLE] infection, asthma, or something more sinister, like a lung mass.
To do this, Reed usually performs an x-ray, takes a lung fluid sample, and conducts a bronchcoscopy _ an examination that uses a flexible microscope inserted into the cat’s airway.
Most of the time, asthma is a mild disease, Reed says. But in some cases cat’s lungs collapse or their ribs fracture due to difficulty in breathing.
“I think if we can identify asthmatic cats quite early and get treatments on board to suppress their cough, then hopefully we can avoid them coming to such extremes,” she said.
(Adapted from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/10/1025_051025_cat_asthma.html)
The correct form of the verb in “Feline asthma [TO BE] a new disease.” is
a) isn’t. b) wasn’t. c) is. d) was. e) were.
Alternativa a: isn’t.
Ver Resposta2. (UNIFOR/CE)
Robotic Engineers:
Engineers [TO BE] needed to build robots that do everything from assembling machinery to caring for aging parents.
Tech Teachers:
As technology use increases in all industries, more adulteducation teachers are needed to give workers the skills to survive. About half of all adults are currently enrolled in an adult-education class.
Tech Support:
Technology isn’t infallible, and skilled workers who can fix frustrating problems are rarely needed. Estimates show a 222 percentage boost in computer-support jobs by 2008.
(Newsweek, April 30, 2001)
The correct form of the verb to be in the first paragraph is
a) was being. b) is. c) will be. d) was. e) has been.
Alternativa c: will be.
Ver RespostaLeia também:
Show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile
© Copyright 2025 ELIB.TIPS - All rights reserved.